Marketing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing paper - Essay Example Timex generally targets the younger generation and kids (Hindustan Studies and Service Limited â€Å"Marketing Management†). For example, Timex targeted the active lifestyle with Ironman and Triathlon (Mechanical Science and Engineering, â€Å"Ways of Segmenting Market). Timex Group in their brand portfolio strategy provides their offerings to diverse consumer segments from ‘mass premium to luxury’ and also provides their watches to varied psychographic segments (Timex Group India Ltd, â€Å"Press Releases†). On the other hand, psychographic and demographic profiles of target market of Rolex consist of higher income group consumers who buy the product for status and dignity. The consumers of Rolex are basically the well-off segment of the society (American Management Association, â€Å"Two Examples†). 2.0 Four P’s Marketing of Timex and Rolex in their Websites Objective of Their Website Marketing Strategy The primary objective of website mark eting of Timex is to leverage the brand in order to increase traffic and revenue that comes from its website. The company had put into operation Adobe SearchCenter + along with Adobe SiteCatalyst to boost its performance of website which result in a 35% development in sales conversion and a $5 rise in average order size. Website is utilized to engage customers and make extra sales revenue. It helps customers to purchase difficult-to-find lines or products sold in other countries. Through its online presence, Timex.com planned to provide customers with complete product information and facilitate them to find the nearest retail outlet, in addition to view and purchase products. In order to reach the objectives, the company decided to find out various ways to enhance traffic to its website and keep consumers engaged on the site for longer period of time, with the definitive goals of lessening abandonment and growing conversions (Timex, â€Å"Challenge†). Similarly, Rolex also de veloped the objectives to make online promotion of its products in order to make people aware of it in the market. The customers can update themselves from the latest available products in the market. They can also purchase the product online as well as acquire the idea of nearest specialty stores from which they can make the purchase (Rolex, â€Å"About Rolex†). Use of Prices Differently in Each Company Timex generally sells comparatively inexpensive watch that focuses on the mass market and on the other hand, the Rolex watches are general highly expensive as they provide importance to quality image of the product (American Management Association. â€Å"Two Examples†). Price Range for Each Brand The brand of Timex are GC= $100(approx); Guess = $30-$117; Marc Ecko = $95-$158; Nautica = $149-$210; Opex = $63-$112; Salvatore Ferragamo= $130-$2170; Timex= $49.95-$109.95; TX = $375 - $725 Valentino Timeless = $1,000 - $15,000; Versace = $1,975 - $4,975 (Timex Group,  "Explore Our Brands†). The brand of Rolex are Datejust = $229, Day Date = $360, Daytona = $229, Submariner = $249 (Watch-Watches.Net, â€Å"Watch Watches†). The price range of Rolex is $200 to $10000 (Scribd, â€Å"Rolex†). Promotion of Products of Companies beyond Their Website Timex promotes its product by distributing it through retail stores and advertises in TV and magazines as well (Smith & Strand, â€Å"

Negotiations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiations - Essay Example This was the case of a miner who lost his boots at work, and the managers did not agree to lend him a pair or even buy him a new pair. The non-compliance by the shift boss led to a dispute of interests and led the employee to go on strike. Ury, et.al, (1988) explain that a dispute starts when a claim or demand is made and is generally based on a need or aspiration. In the case where the miner complained of the lost boots, he was in directly expecting the company to take responsibility and to remedy the issue, however due to the rejection, this led to a dispute (Ury, Brett, & Goldberg, 1988). Here this led to a conflict of interests, i.e. the interest of the miner was to get back his pair of boots, while the interest of the shift boss was not to spend extra as the company cannot be held liable for the loss of property. Interests are the needs, desires, concerns, and fears, basically, the things that an individual cares about or wants. Reconciliation of such interests is the key and is the most concerning aspect of any negotiation. Here these can lead to creative solutions, or making trade- offs, or even concessions. The crux is to reach to an agreement. However, not all the negotiations are a means to reach an agreement. Some negotiations are focused on reconciling of interests, while others on determining who is right and a few others are based on who is more powerful (Lewicki, Barry, & Saunders, 2010). However, there are a number of negotiations which is a mix of all three of the elements, i.e. to satisfy the interests, discussion of rights and also focus on the power of the parties involved. In the case that the negotiations are focused on a single aspect, then they are referred to as, either, ‘interest-based’, ‘rights-based’, or ‘power-based’ (Lewicki, Saunders, Minton, & Barry, 2010). The relationship of the three can be understood better in the form of concurrent circles, with the inner most circle being interest, the outer circle being rights and the outer most circle being power (see figure below). (Ury, Brett, & Goldberg, 1988) The diagram clearly explains that any reconciliation of interests is basically within the rights and power of the parties. Similarly, the determination of the rights is based on the levels of power. The three are interrelated and the overall resolution of a dispute can have a continuous shift between the interests, rights or power (Lewicki, Barry, & Saunders, 2010). Each of the three has a different impact on the overall costs, satisfaction and also the outcomes. There are four possible criteria in every negotiation. a) The transaction costs, i.e. the cost of the overall negotiation. In the case of the Boots dispute, it would have been better for the shift boss to resolve the dispute without the strike. The escalated issue of strike, simply led the overall costs to increase to a great extent (Brett, 2007). b) Outcome satisfaction is another crucial element that needs t o be considered. Here the outcome was not to satisfaction for the business, or the employee alike. The business was faced with loss of money, while the employee did not receive a new pair of boots. However the employee was satisfied as this allowed him to vent out the anger. c) Impact on relationships, is the next crucial criteria. Negotiations are a part of day to day life (Lewicki, Barry, & Saunders, 2010). With the type of negotiation chosen, there can be an impact on the ove

Cheap Alternative Polymeric Materials To Abs

Cheap Alternative Polymeric Materials To Abs In recent years, fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become a widely used technology in rapid prototyping process. Typically polymer materials used are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC). The polymer is fed into equipment as a 1.6mm diameter, which is heated and extruded onto a building platform. The ABS filament sold by the equipment suppliers is very expensive at aroundà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ¡270 per kg [1]. Also, during the FDM process, some of this material is used as build supports and which is simply thrown away after being removed from the parts. This project aims to use alternative materials for the FDM process. 1.2 Previous Work of Project This project is followed by a summer 2009 project that Yifei Zhang did. In Zhangs project, one grade of virgin ABS has similar melt and flow properties to the benchmark material, but due to the limitations of laboratory equipment and project funds, Zhang cannot get the result. Zhang also try to use WEEE ABS as a potential source, but the degree of purity (98%) could not be accepted in FDM operation. In addition, a nylon strimmer line was found which had the suitable filament diameter, but it also failed because of the viscosity of the materials. 1.3 Objectives of Project After summarize the Zhangs experience, the target of project is to identify the cheap alternative polymeric materials to ABS. Before the project, a further polymer understanding of the melt and flow properties should be reviewed. Some problems Zhang met need to be solved to successfully produce the product. Some experiments, which Zhang did, need to be repeated to have a better understanding of this project. Some trial materials are aimed to produce the products, and then the properties of product are evaluated. 2. Literature Survey 2.1 Why use rapid prototyping methods? Rapid Prototyping (RP) is defined as the use of a computer aided design (CAD)-based automated additive manufacturing process to construct parts that are used directly as finished products or components[2]. Generally, it is a quick way to turn a virtual design to a real model. There are many purposes for a prototyping, for example, validate system specification or deliver early proof of concept or create a market demo [3]. The best reasons to rapid prototyping is to save time and save money. A complete product design cycle is very long, and there are a lot of trials and errors in the processing. The rapid prototyping processing can be used to modify the trial and debug the prototype in a short time. In addition, the resources can be saved by producing reduce scale model. 2.2 Rapid prototyping equipment With the development of modern science and technology, techniques of rapid prototyping technology increasingly diversified, such as stereo lithography (SL), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), fused deposition modeling (FDM), ink jet printing (IJP), 3-D printing (3DP) [4]. There are three categories according to the raw material used in these processing. They are liquid-based system, powder-based system and solid-based system [2] [3]. FDM belongs to solid-based RP processes. The product made by FDM operation can be used as trial tests or for further studies, which reduces the risk of designing mistakes. 2.2.1 Stratasys FDM System Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which invented by Stratasys Inc, is used in the project. Generally, FDM is a typical PR process, which contains a computer controlled, and micro-extrusion system. In the process, the polymer is fed into the equipment as a 1.6 diameter filament, which is heated and extruded through a die as a 0.5mm fluid filament. By lay down of the melt filament from nozzle, certain thickness of 2-D layers structure is formed, then by repeating the process for the second layer, repeat this process layer by layer, then a complex 3-D structure is formed. As can be seen in Fig 1, the processing route follows the design, forming and finishes these three steps. In the route of this manufacture, pre-process CAD file is designed by FDM Quickslice software and saved as STL format [6], and then during the manufacture part, the thermoplastic material is extruded and formed layer by layer on precise paths. Remove the support structures then the final product is completed. Extrusion process is a key step in the FDM manufacturing [Fig 2]. Generally speaking, the polymer filament is in solid state when feeding into the FDM machine. The filaments of molten thermoplastic are extruded from a heated nozzle. The process lays down both support material filament and build material filament for one layer at a time. The diameter of the filament is about 1.67mm, and the range of diameter of different tips is from 0.025mm to 0.4mm. Functional prototyping is used via an additive fabrication system. Manufacturing tools and End-Use parts also can be produced with FDM system. There are many advantages including streamlining the development process, reducing the cost and getting to the market faster [7]. The disadvantage is obvious, the price of cartridge is very expensive, and ABS build (including the breakaway materials) is  £275.00 per kg. So find the cheap alternative material is the target of the project. 2.2.2 Mesostructure of FDM ABS [8] There are two kinds of mesostructure during the FDM processing [Fig 3]. The aligned mesostructure is the standard model of the machine. Another skew mesotructure uses the alternating jogs of length 0.5(W+g) in the ProEngineer drawing [Fig 4]. A correction in the nozzle height setting, ÃŽÂ ´ z (see equation 1), using the z-direction shrinkage factor, is set in the QuickSlice program. The void density on the material plane i is defined as 🙠 see equation 2). The extent of circumferential fiber-to-fiber bonding is quantified using a cross-section average of the fiber-to-fiber interface bond length densities. For a single fiber, it is defined as: (see equation 3) According to Jose, James and John, the same filament materials (ABS P400) and the same serial FDM machine were used to test. So the data have the reference value. As can be seen in Fig 5, the lowest void density value is the skewed configuration structure. From the chart above (Fig 5 Fig 6 and Fig 7), Fiber gap (g) and flow rate are two key factors on mesostructure while temperatures (Te and TL) had very little influence. So for the best properties, minimum void and maximum bond length are needed. 2.3 Alternative material 2.3.1 Standard Material The current materials using for the FDM manufacturing process are supplied by Stratasys Inc, which could be ABS plastic, PC and wax [9]. The P400 ABS, whose main mechanical properties can be clearly know in Fig 8, bought from the machine vendor was used as benchmark this project, provided as white filament with a diameter of 1.67mm and a  ± 0.02 mm tolerance, measured by laboratorys calipers. 2.3.2 Recycled ABS Recycled ABS, I think, still is the most ideal choose in this project. The recycled WEEE industry is growing by more attention nowadays. Compared to virgin ABS, the price of WEEE ABS is rather cheap. Due to the problem of the degree of purity in former project, one solution of project is to investigate methods of filtering recycled ABS for FDM. During recent years, some researches about WEEE have been carried out [11] [12]. There are similar results on their reports. With the respect to the properties of virgin ABS, a decrease in mechanical properties (except the modulus of elasticity) was recorded for both PC/ABS and ABS/HIPS mixtures [11]. One approach to different characteristics of recycled polymer was reported by Liang [13]. The contaminants of these recycled polymers are showed in Fig 11. Previous degradation levels ABS and WEEE ABS FTIR spectra for WEEE ABS can be compared with virgin ABS to estimate differences. According to Balarts research, small degradation in ABS was evaluated in the FTIR spectra (Fig 12). The hydroxyl groups which absorb near 3250cm-1 shown, and the carbonyl groups, which absorb near 1750cm-1 missed in the spectra [11]. 2.3.4 Mixture of ABS/PC system According to Balart [11], Equivalent Box Model (EBM) was carried out to analysis the mechanical behavior of ABS/PC blends. EBM can obtain a range of tensile values of blends. Fig 13 shows different curves with the critical values and different A values which is an experimental parameter related to the various interaction forces along the interface. As Balart pointed, the optimum range between10wt% and 20wt% PC in mixture shows an industrial material with balanced properties [11]. One reason is that mechanical ductile properties do not decrease [11]. Furthermore, according to Arnold, the mechanical properties of recycled ABS, especially ductility, are significantly affected by gas evolution during the process of ABS from WEEE [14]. Tarantill and Mitsakaki have done some tests about the proprieties of ABS/PC blends. In this project, more can be dig deeper in ABS based on the Zhangs work. First, FTIR spectra can be used to compare the virgin ABS, after processing ABS and WEEE ABS. The relationship between WEEE ABS, after processing ABS and standard ABS should be clear in this project. Second, ABS/PC mixture is one way to investigate. In Balarts report, the optimum range is 10wt% to 20wt%; the mechanical properties of this range also have a good performance. Furthermore, to refine the WEEE ABS is also one way, but due to the current situation; it is hard to find a process to increase the purity of WEEE ABS (98%). Simply mix one equivalent part of purity ABS and one equivalent part of WEEE ABS may be possible. Higher purity of WEEE ABS may have better properties. 2.3.5 Alternative Nylon Source According to Zhangs research, Nylon could be an alternative material to replace the ABS P400. Compared to the ABS, Nylon have lower price. In the laboratory, nylon strimmer line has already been produced into filament with the same diameter as benchmark P400 ABS. It is easier to get the raw material. One key factor for this alternative material is melt temperature when nylon as a sample. The recommend FDM operation on standard P400 ABS was 100oC higher than the melting point. Among the nylon-6, nylon-12 and nylon-66, nylon-12, which could be a potential material, has the lowest melting point 179oC [15]. Compared to P400 benchmark, the melt mass flow rate can be a reasonable range from 7.0 to 20 [16]. During the Zhangs trial of nylon material, 300oC is the highest temperature limitation for liquefying the FDM machine, but nylon-6 need higher. So glue gun can be used for higher FDM operation temperature. The further properties of the Nylon product need to be evaluated in the experiment . 2.4 Measuring Instruments The target of the project is to find the alternative material to replace the ABS-P400, before that, the properties of ABS-P400 and after processing ABS should be investigated. By comparing the differences of these two materials, the possible of re-used after processing ABS is demonstrated. Moreover, the data of the standard material can be the reference of the alternative materials. The main equipments and tests may be used below. 2.4.1 Melt Flow Index (MFI) Viscous Flow According to Zhangs report, viscous flow of the material is the key to this project. Low viscosity simply means that the materials are able to flow easily [2]. Viscosity is lowered significantly by increasing temperature according to the equation 4: Where 0 is a constant, Q is the activation energy for flow, R is the universal gas constant and T is absolute temperature. In this project, MFI is used to measure the viscous flow. According to Zhang, the some MFI results were obtained. MFI Instrument The Melt Flow Index (MFI) is a way to measure the ease of flow of the melt of a thermoplastic polymer. In Farlexs free dictionary, it is defined as the weight of polymer in grams flowing in 10 minutes through a capillary of specific diameter and length by a pressure applied via prescribed alternative gravimetric weights for alternative prescribed temperatures[17]. One conclusion of Balart is that extrusion and injection moulding process are very important to ensure good mixing conditions and homogeneity. MFI measurements were used with an extrusion plastometer [11]. Flow rate, whose unit is g/10mins, reflects the melt polymers features. In this project, there are two criterions for different grades of ABS plastic. One is 2200C/10kg for injection moulding condition, which is a general standard of flow property. Another condition 2700C/2.16kg, which is a special condition for FDM condition (in Zhangs report), need to be evaluated. Because the working atmosphere of FDM is complicated, t he push force of extrusion cannot be constant due to the different speed of extrusion. To simulate the environment of FDM, the push force must be understood. The data of MFI will have the value of reference. In this project, the difference of MFI between virgin ABS and reused ABS will be evaluated. In theory, for the thermal plastic, repeated heating and cooling cycle does not change the size of the plastic molecular chains, so MFI should not be changed [18]. However, storage conditions of reused materials are usually poor, usually placed at random, the properties of material are mostly metamorphic. According to Zhangs report, sample drying should be mentioned due to the absorbent of polymer. This element will greatly affect the accuracy. The specimens including ABS and nylon were put into oven for 2hours at 900C for ABS (1200C for PC) [13] and keep dry condition to prevent further water absorbing. The other factor affecting precision is cleaning. Die diameter affect the speed of melt flow. It is easy to have the deposition in the inner wall. The test result reduces due to the increasing of resistance of melt flow. So the cleaning is very important element to the accurate. 2.4.2 Capillary Rheometry Equipment Capillary rheometer is another way to measure the viscosity of the materials. The polymer is put into a test tube with a known diameter, and there are several horizontal marks scribed on it. When put some pressure to the polymer, a vacuum is used to get the flow polymer, and the time required is measured for the melt from one mark to another. Elliott [19] explains this device also can test the density and surface tension. 2.4.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometers FTIR test designed in this project is to show the different molecules in the trial materials other than ABS P400. FTIR test is to evaluate what is the material composition of the FDM ABS and after FDM processing material, and to find out whether after FDM processing materials become degenerate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) is based on the interferogram, which is the idea of the interference of radiation [20]. A single is produced by the change of path length between the two beams; the changeable of distance and frequency are convertible by the mathematical of Fourier-transformation [20]. The most common interferometer used is a Michelson interferometer. There are two perpendicularly mirrors which are bisected by a semi-reflecting film (Fig 2). The two beams defected from theses mirrors return to the beam splitter where they recombine and interfere. The moving mirror supplies an optical path difference, which controls the transmission and reflection. 2.4.4 Glue Gun According to Zhangs report, nylon strimmer line has been produced with the same diameter as benchmark P400 ABS. However, it was found that the strimmer line was unable to extrude from the FDM tip as need. When the temperature gets to 295 oC, which is the highest temperature limitation for liquefying the FDM machine, a small amount of material was extruded [21]. In this project, glue gun can be used to replace the tip to get higher temperature. The gun uses a heat element to continuous heat the plastic glue, the temperature of which can reach around 380 degrees [21]. 2.5 mechanical rest 2.5.1 Tensile Test The designing of tensile test aimed to evaluate the mechanical property among all alternative material. The specimen was studied by tensile test using a Lloyd LR50KPlus materials testing machine (Fareham, UK). For each selected building material, the testing samples were produced on three patterns of raster orientation, which built up in X, Y, and Z axis respectively. All tensile test samples were made with ISO 527-2-5A standard with a dumbbell shape. According to Zhangs report, benchmark P400 ABS sample was test, the result shows in Fig 10.

Incorporation of the Ottoman Empire into the Capitalist World-Economy, 1750-1839 :: History Economics Ottoman Empire Essays

Incorporation of the Ottoman Empire into the Capitalist World-Economy, 1750-1839 In 1977, Immanuel Wallerstein proposed a research agenda to answer the question: When and by what process did the Ottoman Empire become incorporated into the capitalist world-economy? He also asked whether incorporation was a single event or a series of events for the different regions of the Empire--Rumelia, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt. He suggested the answer be sought in Ottoman production processes and trade patterns between 1550 and 1850. By 1980, Wallerstein had answered his own question. When the European base of the capitalist world-economy began to develop its boundaries in the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire remained outside the system. Between 1750 and 1839, the process of incorporation into the capitalist world-economy was complete and the Ottoman Empire had been peripheralized. Wallerstein did not comment whether incorporation was a single event or a series of events. In this paper, I argue that current scholarship fails to support Wallerstein's version of incorporation of the Ottoman Empire into the capitalist world-economy. I examine Wallerstein's arguments and critique his discussion based on my own interpretation of recent work by Ottoman and Balkan historians pertaining to Rumelia (Southeastern Europe). According to Wallerstein, a world-economy is a single social economy containing multiple state or political structures that operates on the basis of a capitalist mode of production and in which ceaseless accumulation of capital guides the system. Wallerstein recently added the word "ceaseless" (his italics) to his definition in order to distinguish his paradigm of the capitalist world-economy with its origins in the sixteenth century from other paradigms that trace the origins to earlier points in history. The capitalist world-economy comprises a core, a periphery, and a semiperiphery. Nation-states reach the core by successfully exploiting other geographic areas in the periphery. The semiperiphery forms a buffer zone, where geographic areas can move up into the core or down into the periphery. Geographic areas outside the world-economy are relegated to the external arena. They are eventually and inevitably incorporated into the system, however.

Battered women

Designation from other forms of abuse is necessary due its frequent occurrence today. A battered woman is one who due to the physical and mental abuse shows symptoms of fear most of the time and feels very helpless. The condition is caused by conjugal abuses, domestic violence, alcoholism, drug abuse and encounters such as rape.Apart form being common, the term is confused to refer to women who have encountered some of the forms of abuse that women face today. Understanding the meaning of the word and the difference is Important in making sure that it is not mistaken for a specific form of abuse.Men are the perpetrators of this abuses that result to battering in the end. The victims exhibit fear most of the time with major reactions to minute issues. Apart from that they are helpless in most circumstances that they encounter due to the trauma. Aside from creating fear in the lives of the victims, there are other effects that result from battering. Arthritis, hypertension and other he art diseases like heart attacks are some of the adverse medical conditions diagnosed in many battered women.Some of the words that come into mind like conjugal abuses, domestic violence, drug abuse, alcoholism and rape should not be individually taken to be the cause of battering in women. Rather they should be considered as some of the causative agents. Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse to avoid misuse and reduce the ambiguity, especially now that it has become an issue of concern due to its frequency. Step 3: Definition paragraph Revised Draft Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse is necessary due its frequent occurrence today.A battered woman is one who due to the physical and mental abuse shows symptoms of fear most of the time and feels very helpless. The condition results from is caused by conjugal abuses, domestic violence, alcoholism, drug abuse and other encounters such as rape. Apart form being common, the term is confused to refer to wo men who have encountered some of the forms of abuse that women face today. Understanding the meaning of the word and the difference is Important in making sure that it is not mistaken for a specific form of abuse. Men are the perpetrators of this abuses that result to battering in the end.The victims exhibit fear most of the time with major reactions to minute issues. Apart from that, they are helpless in most circumstances that they encounter due to the trauma. Aside from creating fear in the lives of the victims, there are other effects thatother effects result from battering. Arthritis, hypertension and other heart diseases like heart attacks are some of the adverse medical conditions diagnosed in many battered women. Some of the words that come into mind like conjugal abuses, domestic violence, drug abuse, alcoholism and rape should not be individually taken to be thenotably are not the only causes of battering in women.Rather they should be considered asare some of the causativ e agents. Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse to avoid misuse and reduce the ambiguity is important,. This is especiallyespecially now that it has become an issue of concern due to its frequency. Step 4: Definition paragraph Revised Draft Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse is necessary due its frequent occurrence today. A battered woman is one who due to the physical and mental abuse shows symptoms of fear most of the time and feels very helpless.The condition results from conjugal abuses, domestic violence, alcoholism, drug abuse and other encounters such as rape. Apart form being common, the term is confused to refer to women who have encountered some of the forms of abuse that women face today. Understanding the meaning of the word and the difference is Important in making sure that it is not mistaken for a specific form of abuse. Men are the perpetrators of this abuses that result to battering in the end. The victims exhibit fear most of the time with major reactions to minute issues. Apart from that, they are helpless in most circumstances that they encounter due to the trauma.Aside from creating fear in the lives of the victims, other effects result from battering. Arthritis, hypertension and other heart diseases like heart attacks are some of the adverse medical conditions diagnosed in many battered women. Some of the words that come into mind like conjugal abuses, domestic violence, drug abuse, alcoholism and rape notably are not the only causes of battering in women. Rather they are some of the causative agents. Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse to avoid misuse and reduce the ambiguity is important.This is especially now that it has become an issue of concern due to its frequency. Step 5: Definition Paragraph Final Draft Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse is necessary due its frequent occurrence today. A battered woman is one who due to the physical and mental abuse shows symp toms of fear most of the time and feels very helpless. The condition results from conjugal abuses, domestic violence, alcoholism, drug abuse and other encounters such as rape. Apart form being common, the term is confused to refer to women who have encountered some of the forms of abuse that women face today.Understanding the meaning of the word and the difference is Important in making sure that it is not mistaken for a specific form of abuse. Men are the perpetrators of this abuses that result to battering in the end. The victims exhibit fear most of the time with major reactions to minute issues. Apart from that, they are helpless in most circumstances that they encounter due to the trauma. Aside from creating fear in the lives of the victims, other effects result from battering. Arthritis, hypertension and other heart diseases like heart attacks are some of the adverse medical conditions diagnosed in many battered women.Some of the words that come into mind like conjugal abuses, domestic violence, drug abuse, alcoholism and rape notably are not the only causes of battering in women. Rather they are some of the causative agents. Battered women: Designation from other forms of abuse to avoid misuse and reduce the ambiguity is important. This is especially now that it has become an issue of concern due to its frequency. REFERENCE The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney, 2010. Domestic violence. Retrieved on 9th August < http://www. clarkprosecutor. org/html/domviol/effects. htm

MR Assessed Task

Please remember the suggested times are only a guide and each learner will work at their own pace. However, please try not to spend 2 hours on a task which should take 30 minutes. Don't forget you can find a breakdown of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria relating to each task in the qualification specification or in your EDI portfolio. There is just one task for this unit which should be completed at the start.Assessment for the rest of the unit, learning outcomes 2, 3, 4 and 5 will be cover as direct observations assessed in the work place and will be on-going, as reflection on practice and personal development is a large part of working with children and this qualification. Task. 1. 1 Write a job description Of your work role, this can be a list of things you do with a brief explanation. (20-30 minutes) 1. 2 Link each item on the list to the relevant standards.If you ark with under as this will be the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYES), safeguarding and welfare require ments. (45 -60 minutes) You can use a table format or a piece of writing. As you work your way through the course you should keep a personal development plan. The plan should record development objectives, how you will achieve these objectives and time scales for review. It should also show how you have agreed these objectives and with whom. A downloaded template is provided for your use.

Free Essays on The Open Boat Interpretation

â€Å"The Open Boat† Interpretation Stephen Crane’s piece, â€Å"The Open Boat,† depicts men’s struggles against a natural world that is both destructive and indifferent. Crane uses a theme of cosmic irony, which is the belief that the universe is indifferent to the plight of man, and this theme is illustrated through the use of symbols for isolation, insignificance, and indifference. The one use of symbolism to relay the theme is by contrasting the power of the ocean against the insignificance of the dingy. In the beginning of the story, when the powerful waves were thrashing the boat around, the narrator says that â€Å"a seat in the boat was not unlike a seat upon a bucking bronco, and, by the same token, a bronco is not much smaller.† By comparing the size of the boat to a bull, he shows that it’s size is insignificant to the size of the vast oceans. In this story, the ocean represents the universe, and the boat represents man’s existence in it. As the boat struggles to stay afloat, men have to struggle to keep their place in this universe. Another important use of cosmic irony with the use of the rhyme, â€Å"If I am going to be drowned-if I am going to be drowned- if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come this far and contemplate sand and trees?† This rhyme symbolizes man’s struggle to find meaning in their own life and their circumstances within their world. People have, throughout history, tried to determine the meaning of life-why their existence is important in this universe. This phrase shows that their lives are insignificant, because they have struggled so long, and they may not live thought it. I enjoyed reading this story more than any other we have read thus far, mostly due to the fact that Crane’s writing appears to be so full of truth and realism. By using cosmic irony as a theme, he provoked me to think about my own place in... Free Essays on The Open Boat Interpretation Free Essays on The Open Boat Interpretation â€Å"The Open Boat† Interpretation Stephen Crane’s piece, â€Å"The Open Boat,† depicts men’s struggles against a natural world that is both destructive and indifferent. Crane uses a theme of cosmic irony, which is the belief that the universe is indifferent to the plight of man, and this theme is illustrated through the use of symbols for isolation, insignificance, and indifference. The one use of symbolism to relay the theme is by contrasting the power of the ocean against the insignificance of the dingy. In the beginning of the story, when the powerful waves were thrashing the boat around, the narrator says that â€Å"a seat in the boat was not unlike a seat upon a bucking bronco, and, by the same token, a bronco is not much smaller.† By comparing the size of the boat to a bull, he shows that it’s size is insignificant to the size of the vast oceans. In this story, the ocean represents the universe, and the boat represents man’s existence in it. As the boat struggles to stay afloat, men have to struggle to keep their place in this universe. Another important use of cosmic irony with the use of the rhyme, â€Å"If I am going to be drowned-if I am going to be drowned- if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come this far and contemplate sand and trees?† This rhyme symbolizes man’s struggle to find meaning in their own life and their circumstances within their world. People have, throughout history, tried to determine the meaning of life-why their existence is important in this universe. This phrase shows that their lives are insignificant, because they have struggled so long, and they may not live thought it. I enjoyed reading this story more than any other we have read thus far, mostly due to the fact that Crane’s writing appears to be so full of truth and realism. By using cosmic irony as a theme, he provoked me to think about my own place in...