Summary: The African continent

\nIn the posthumous eighteenth - primal nineteenth century. begins study of conspiracy Africa, which was the prototypical of all investigator to English traveller J. Barrow. In 1835 E. metalworker surveyed Limpopo River, in 1868 C. Ernskayn passed its tributary Olifants.\nGeographical and geologic study of the blasphemous Nile wash-hand basin conducted in 1847-48 Russian pilgrimage EP Kovalevsky, the first of the Russian traveller, described Abyssinia. In the mid-19th century. in the divide of the clean Nile, a French (A. de Lena Belfona and DArnot) and German pilgrimage (F. Vernet). The highest shoot for of Mount Kilimanjaro mainland open(a) in 1848-49 German missionaries Krapf and I. I. Rebman. British travel J. Spica and RF Burton in 1856-59 observed Lake Tanganyika. In 1858, Lake capital of Seychelles J. Speke discovered later (1860-63) assemble jointly with J. distribute that from this lake originates River Nile.\nGreat donation to the study of Africa intro duced the sparing traveller D. Livingston, in 1849 discovered Lake Ngami, the first Europeans cut through in the south Africa from westerly to eastside (1853-56), simultaneously canvas a substantial part of the Zambezi River Basin and opening the worlds largest Victoria Falls (1855 ). In 1867-71 he study the southern and westward shores of Lake Tanganyika, discovered Lake Bangweulu. In Europe, the expedition Livingstone considered abstracted and went looking for him diarist GM Stanley, who met with Livingston in 1871 on Lake Tanganyika. so they examined a eagle-eyed the Federal part of the lake and found that it is not affiliated with the Nile. Another expedition in see of Livingstone in 1873 conduct the English cakehole and explorer VL Cameron. However, his alleviate was delayed unnecessarily by the snip Livingston died of a fever. Cameron act the journey and executeed Lake Tanganyika in 1874 and opened its phone line - Lukuga River.\nStudies conducted Sahara German travelers G. Rohlfs, in 1865-67 the first Europeans cover Africa from the shores of the Mediterranean (Tripoli) to the disconnect of Guinea (Lagos), and G. Nachtigal, performed the 1869-74 race in the field of ​​Lake Chad. He was the first European to reach the highlands WADA and collected long data on the nature and cosmos of the hinterland of key Africa. Later he published a three-volume work Sahara and Sudan (1879-89). Russian biologist, physician and traveler AV Elisha in 1881, while quench a student, he went to Egypt and traveled up the Nile to Siuta, and then dickens months of wandering in Arabia. Three years later he again visited Africa, from Tripoli, he moved to Algeria, was the Sahara, was in Morocco, and has published umpteen geographic works, including and about Africa. Russian traveler VV Juncker in 1876-78 make a long journey to commutation Africa, during which he held the geographic and ethnographic observation, explained the origins of the hydrography of the river White Nile. In the abutting expedition in 1879-86 he explored the catchment basin of the rivers Nile and the congou, and the results of their observations summarized in the take for Travels in Africa (1877-78 and 1879-86) (1949). In 1896-1900 three visits to Ethiopia, Russian traveler AK Bulatovic spend shooting slaboizuchennyh south- occidental and western personas of the country, the first Europeans cross the mountainous region of Kaffa. Territory of in advance(p) Angola and Mozambique analyse Lusitanian AA Serpa Pinto (1877-79), who discovered the sources of the rivers Cunene and Cubango, E. Brito Capelo and R. Ivensh (1877-79), crossed the continent from west to east.\nAs a result of geographical research to the late 19th century. were studied four swell African rivers: the Nile, Niger, Congo and Zambezi. In the early 20th century. revealed vast natural resources of the African continent.